Which process describes the evolution of both predator and prey in response to one another?

Coevolution is the process that describes the reciprocal evolutionary changes that occur between interdependent species, like predators and their prey. In coevolution, adaptations in one species exert selective pressures on another species, prompting both to evolve in response to each other’s characteristics and behaviors.

For instance, as a predator develops better hunting strategies or features that enhance its ability to catch prey, the prey may develop stronger defenses, such as camouflage or speed. This ongoing cycle of adaptations leads to a dynamic interaction where each species influences the evolutionary trajectory of the other over time.

This distinctly contrasts with the other evolutionary processes. Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species develop similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, while divergent evolution involves related species evolving different traits as they adapt to different environments. Parallel evolution also involves independent evolution in species that are similar but occur under similar environmental conditions, without direct interaction influencing their adaptations. Thus, coevolution is uniquely characterized by the direct adaptations that arise from the interaction between predator and prey.